CHEMICAL POTENTIAL BY SIMULATION
Widom, Nezbeda-Kolafa and all that

Franz J. Vesely
April 2002

Widom introduced the ``test particle insertion'' technique (1963) to evaluate the chemical potential. A problem with the method is its low efficiency at high densities. In 1991 Nezbeda and Kolafa augmented Widom's method by adding scaled particle ideas to improve the efficiency.