Paper plane in a wind tunnel

The "crab": Energy spectra as a function of the external
magnetic field for a chain of 13 magnetic particles

Staff

Scientific Staff: Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Karl W. Kratky

Guest scientist: Univ. Doz. Dr. Karl E. Kürten (Univ. Köln)

Lecturers: Mag. Werner Gruber, Mag. Hans Günter Löw, Michael M. Steurer

PhD students: Mag. Werner Gruber, Mag. Peter F. Hüttner, Dr. Said Ibrahim,
Mag. Hans Günter Löw, Mag. Ivan Lucic, Dipl.Phys. Axel Schäfer

Diploma students: David Diepold, Naciye Elagöz, Michael M. Steurer

Technical Staff: Andreas Schamanek (external)

Research

K. W. Kratky, K. E. Kürten

Chaos and Systems Research

The area 'Chaos and Systems Research' deals with complex dynamical systems and considers the following topics: nonlinearity and feedback, self-organization, chaos and noise, fractals and multifractals, iterated function systems, neural nets and cellular automata. These topics are treated in various ways: from a fundamental point of view, studying computer experimental results and interpreting experimental data.

Furthermore, the interdisciplinary aspects of complex dynamical systems are considered, connecting physics especially with biology, psychiatry/ medicine and ecology. In this context, biophysical theses have been studying the effect of light and sound on biological systems. For instance, the change of heart-rate variability of human beings was investigated, and the fractal dimension of mushroom mycelium was analyzed.

In addition to the research, several lectures are offered, e.g., 'Complex Dynamical Systems − from Physics to Medicine' and 'Brain Modelling − Physical Models of Memory'.

Complex dynamical systems: inter- and transdisciplinary aspects

With the help of chaos and systems research, bridges to other sciences can be built, in research as well as in teaching. Attention is focused on biology and medicine. Among other things, it is investigated how chaos control is used by organisms to regulate their body functions efficiently. Furthermore, several therapies in complementary medicine are interpreted from the view-point of chaos and system research.

Neurophysics

The mental processes of the brain are described by physical methods. At the moment the problem of cognitive learning and stammering is in the focus of investigation.

Light therapy under variation of physical parameters

The thesis is about the effect of light of different spectral composition and of different and varying intensity on humans. Central method is the data acquisition of biophysical parameters (e.g. ecg, emg, breath) and their numerical analysis by nonlinear time series and other methods. This may give new insights in relation to traditional medical research on light therapy, which is based on psychiatrical and/or hormonal investigations.

Dynamical phase transitions in scale-free interconnected systems

Scale-free network topologies have become quite fashionable during the last few years. Many networks expand through the addition of nodes to an already existing network, and those nodes attach preferentially to nodes that are already well connected. When this is the case, a scale-free network naturally arises. In fact, a scale-free network is a very specific kind of network in which the distribution of connectivity is extremely uneven: some nodes act as "very connected" hubs using a power-law distribution, whereas most of the nodes are rather sparsely connected. Examples are computer networks and the word wide web, which react significantly different from randomly connected networks in the presence of perturbations. If nodes fail randomly, scale-free networks behave even better than random connectivity networks, because random failures are unlikely to harm an important hub. However, if the failure of nodes is not random, scale-free networks can fail catastrophically.

We study phase transitions from ordered to chaotic behavior for the famous Kauffmann model for cell differentiation as well as for a special class of artificial neural network models, namely linear threshold networks with asymmetric couplings. One focus of this study is the determining critical parameters, where the network is placed "at the edge of chaos", i.e. at the subtle compromise between stability and flexibility.

Space-time chaos in Hamiltonian lattice models

Numerous condensed-matter systems are effectively discrete by nature because the relevant length scales are of the order of the interparticle distance. Such systems are described by a Hamiltonian that is discrete in space, while their time evolution is considered as continuous. Their remarkable behavior, exemplified in charge-density waves, magnetic spirals, disordered crystals, adsorbed monolayers, and magnetic multilayers, stems from a competition between two or more forces that leads to locally stable spatially modulated structures. The particles are non-trivially displaced from a reference lattice and spatial disorder is created due to a highly complex energy landscape in configuration space. The number of locally stable configurations typically increases exponentially with the size of the system. A model system can be envisioned as a chain of N particles connected by harmonic springs, each particle also being subject to an external multi-well potential field. A widely used standard model is the so-called linear chain, consisting of a one-dimensional lattice of N oscillators interacting with nearest neighbors via a harmonic intersite potential. The energy of the system is given by an N-particle Hamiltonian comprised of the vibrational kinetic energy, the intersite energy specified by the coupling strength, and the on-site energy specified by an external on-site potential.

Biophysical investigation of energetic metabolic parameters muscle tissue during electrostimulation: papillary- and skeletal muscles as examples

Based on the physical developments during the refereed project “Continuous fluorescence-optical detection of energetic metabolic parameters of cardiomyocytes during stress induction by electrostimulation”, (University Vienna and Facultas Verlag), further developments are performed. Primary specific aim of this project is to investigate biophysical parameters in vital muscular biomolecules under presence of short pulsed magnetic fields. Modulating the chemical and environmental conditions of the buffer solutions as well as coil-conformations and current pulse shapes studies are focussed on influences of dynamic contraction–force-development as well as on autofluorescence , oxygen demand , Calcium-fluorescence which represent ionic channel activities under pulsed magnetic stress induction. Force–frequency relations under presence of ionic channel blockers as well as under normoxic and hypoxic conditions are measured. Influences of spectral components of magnetic pulses on penetration depth and biomechanical transduction efficiency are studied using a novel type organ bath. This instrument allows combining fluorescence excitation, optical detection of muscle tissue as well as simultaneous measurement of muscle-tension. All data are recorded and timestamped within a datastream using LABVIEW- Software packages and a novel developed software protocol which allows minimizing stochastic signal deviations during acquisition.
This application oriented project allows specifying the electrodynamic field-parameters influencing muscle contraction and characterizes a novel kind of muscle-stimulation from biophysical and biomedical point of view.

Refereed Projects

K. E. Kürten

• Phase transitions, multistability and fractal structures in arrays of small magnetic particles (supported by the European Science Foundation ESF in the framework of the network program "Arrays of Quantum Dots and Josephson Junctions")

The study of nanometer-sized magnetic thin film structures separated by non-magnetic spacers, as well as the study of small magnetic particles is a rich and rapidly advancing area within condensed matter physics. Moreover, it is one of the hot topics in condensed matter physics. On the one hand, interest comes from the enormous application potential, such as data storage technology as well as numerous sensor applications associated with the giant magnetoresistance effect. On the other hand, nanomagnets provide an experimental system for studying fundamental phenomena in nanomagnetism and statistical physics. Because of the large number of degrees of freedom and due to competing interactions, these many particle systems display rather rich and interesting collective behaviour not found in bulk crystalline magnets. In particular, spatial disorder is associated with a highly complex energy landscape in configuration space, where the number of locally stable configurations typically increases exponentially with the size of the system.

Provided that the nano-layer thickness is of the order of nanometers and assuming that within each layer all magnetic moments are ferromagnetically aligned but with an orientation differing from layer to layer, each layer can be considered as an elementary magnetic particle. Networks of elementary interacting small magnetic particles, smaller than the bulk domain size, are potential candidates to store and to propagate information. The states are signalled by the magnetization direction of single-domain magnetic particles coupled to their nearest neighbours through magnetostatic interactions. Such a network could consist of a one-dimensional chain of circular magnetic dots each about 10 nm thick and of diameter about 100 nm. They are made from a commonly used magnetic supermalloy on a single-crystal silicon substrate. The uniaxial anisotropy field is of the order of a few Oersted. One focus of this study is to understand magnetism on a molecular scale both in the form of thin films and small magnetic particles

H. G. Löw

• Novel Supramolecular complex-formation of high purified hypericin in water soluble Poly-N-vinylamides. Characterization using time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in context to tumor targetting diagnostic methods (project grant No. 9675, Austrian National Bank, extended to 2004)

The specific aim of this biophysical project is based on the international Austrian patent No. 408.835 and PCT-Application, invented by H. G. Löw and A. Kubin. The purified plant extract and photosensitizer Hypericin, which is practical unsoluble in water, is enabled to dissolve by complex-formation under presence of a special biocompatible Poly–N-vinyl amide, presently used as blood substitute. This highly fluorescent polymer complex shows high affinity to proliferating tissue cells, which was demonstrated by confocal microscopy (Fig.2). To investigate the backgrounds for this specific molecular behaviour time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic fluorescence anisotropy measurement techniques are applied under various conditions, like PH, temperature, etc. Molecular dynamic simulations under periodic boundary conditions are applied to predict electron density distributions and phase transitions during complex formation using the well established quantum chemical GAUSSIAN-software. The work on this project opens up new perspectives to early cancer detection in hollow organs, like bladder or esophagus by use of biophysical methods.

• Fluorescence diagnosis, mini-FACS on chip (cooperation-project with Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, Dept. of Theoret. Chemistry and KH Lainz, Department of Urology, since December 2004)

Based on the results of the refereed project 9675 (Austrian National Bank, see above), time-correlated methods for detection of molecular binding properties between biomolecules are applied to develop and construct a miniaturized fluorescence detection device for small liquid samples in context to establish binding assays for medical diagnosis. The aim of this project is focussed to construct an “easy to use+ low-cost” fluorescence device for diagnostic physicians, which allows performing pre-screening-tests on patients blood and liquid samples. Incubation the novel developed tumor-targetting substance Photovidon (Hypericin-PVP-Complex derivative) urinary samples of potential bladder-wall cancer patients are investigated using a “mini-FACS” device as well as an ordinary standard fluorescence cell-sorter (FACS). The correlations between both methods are compared and related to the clinical data supplied by the hospital. The novel device is a contribution to early cancer diagnosis methods in biomedicine and may enhance diagnostic performance at low cost levels.

I. Lucic

• Biological impacts of electromagnetic fields: An effect of different frequencies on biological systems (project No. 1.57.00128 of the ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH).

Purpose of this project is a development of a biological test-system for indication of high frequency electromagnetic fields. Gravity of the year 2003 research are experiments with seedlings, young plants and mushroom mycels, improvement of the monitoring systems for non-linear mycel analysis and extent usage of evolved technical test block for field strength and variable frequencies. Used evaluation parameter are: chlorophyll fluorescence of overground sprout, dry material weight of shoot separated for root, stem and leaf, fractal dimension and growth of mushroom mycel and biophoton emission.

Cooperations

International Cooperations

K. W. Kratky

CANADA

• International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor, Ontario, Canada (G. E. Lasker)

K. E. Kürten

FRANCE

• Institut Girard Desargues, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-I, France (C. Krattenthaler)

GERMANY

• Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Köln, Germany (L. Ristig)

UK

• School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, England (F.V. Kusmartsev)

USA

• Department of Physics; Washington University, St. Louis, USA (J.W. Clark)

H. G. Löw

GERMANY

• LMU-Klinikum München, Laserforschungslaboratorium Großhadern, Germany (C. Betz, R. Baumgartner et.al.)

RUSSIA

• Rostov state university, Biophysics department, Rostov-on-Don (A. Uzdensky)

NORWAY

• Institute for Cancer Research, Montebello, Oslo (J. Moan)

USA

• Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine, Harvard medical school (M. Hamblin et. al.)

I. Lucic

GERMANY

• Siegen University, department of art and music pedagogic, Siegen (H. Kapteina, Chang-Lin Zhang)

ISRAEL

• Bar Ilan University, department of physics; Ramat-Gan (A. Vishne, S. Havlin)

JAPAN

• Tokai University, school of high-technology for human welfare, Numazu, Shizuoka (S. Matsura).

National Cooperations

W. Gruber

• Wiener Volkshochschulen, program 'University meets public'

K. W. Kratky

• Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie der Universität Wien (S. Kasper)
• Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten, Wien (H. Klima)
• Forschungsstelle für niederenergetische Bio-Information in Graz (p. C. Endler)
• Universitätsklinik für Neuropsychiatrie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität Wien (K. Toifl).

H. G. Löw

• Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Molekulare Strukturbiologie der Universität Wien (G. Grabner, G. Köhler, E. Gaubitzer, M. Edetsberger)
• Institut für Physiologie der Universität Wien (D. Schmid, Ch. Plass, p. G. Spieckermann)
• Institut für Medizinische Chemie der Universität Wien (p. Chiba, H. Goldenberg)
• GZW Lainz, (H. Loew-Weiser, R.Werni)
• Institut f. Toxikologie der Universität Wien (Ch. Studenik)

I. Lucic

• ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH; environmental department; (G. Soja)
• Universität Wien; Institut für allgemeine Psychologie, Sozialpsychologie und Methodenlehre der Universität Wien (E. Vanecek)

A. Schäfer

• Fa. ProQuant Systeme, Graz (F. Senekowitsch, F. Tschinder)

Publications

Publications

1. K. W. Kratky: Homöopathie und Wasserstruktur: ein physikalisches Modell (Homeopathy and Structure of Water: A Physical Model). Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde (Research in Complementary and Classical Natural Medicine) 11 (2004) 24-32.

   Background: Formerly, the author has suggested a relatively simple water model. There, the dynamical structure of a typical water cluster was investigated, being represented by the movement of a ball in an abstract energy landscape. Objective: Now the above-mentioned model is investigated in more detail to answer the following question: Are essential claims of homeopathy concerning potentiation (diluting and shaking) in agreement with science? Methods: Equations of motion are employed that represent vibrations of clusters. For the computer experiments, the formalism of Nosé-Hoover is used, the surrounding water being interpreted as a heat bath. Diluting corresponds to a shift of the energy landscape towards the pure solvent (water), shaking is accompanied by an increase of the contact to the heat bath. Results: There is a tendency of the ball to be caught in local valleys of the energy landscape (metastable states) if the temperature is not too high and if the liquid is not shaken. Thus, even for a given landscape there are a variety of structures being durable for some time. Conclusions: The computer experiments suggest that the repeated process of potentiation eventually results in a specific metastable state of the pure solvent. The initial substance helps to obtain this goal, but is no longer necessary at last.

2. K. W. Kratky: Weltbilder komplementärmedizinischer Richtungen. In: M. Frass, M. Maier und A. Reiter (Hrsg.), Grundlagen und Praxis komplementärmedizinischer Methoden. Facultas, Wien 2004 (S. 32-38).

   Medizinische Richtungen unterscheiden sich in Denken, Sprechweise und Weltbildern. Steht die kranke Person oder die Krankheit im Vordergrund, geht es um das Erfassen der Symptome oder das Auffinden der eigentlichen Krankheitsursache? Einige solcher Fragen werden aufgelistet und exemplarisch behandelt. In der Vertiefung geht es dann um die Grundlagen von Weltbildern und wissenschaftlichen Ansätzen, was uns zu drei Arten von Denkweisen führt. Unter Zuhilfenahme der hawaiianischen Tradition wird dieser Ansatz auf vier Blickwinkel erweitert, unter denen wir die Welt betrachten können: den systematischen, systemischen, symbolischen und symbiotischen Blickwinkel. In ihnen spiegeln sich vier unterschiedliche Weltbilder. In unserem westlichen Kulturkreis ist vor allem der logisch/systematische Blickwinkel üblich, aber auch der kybernetisch/systemische und der konstruktivistisch/symbolische sind anzutreffen. Der holistisch/symbiotische Blickwinkel ist hingegen eher dem spirituellen Bereich bzw. traditionellen Gesellschaften zuzuordnen.

3. I. Lucic and K. W. Kratky: Fractal dimension as a tool for detection of morphological changes caused by impact of mechanical waves on mushroom mycelium. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde (Austrian Journal of Mycology) 13 (2004) 101-107.

   The Influence of low-power mechanical and acoustic waves produced by a tuning fork on the mushroom mycelium is studied. In the past decade the morphology of mycelium colonies was used as parameter for detection of complexity changes that were caused by the variation of environmental factors. In this research we compare the colony morphology of treated vs. non-treated mycelium cultures of Psilocybe cubensis (EARLE) SINGER on the basis of their complexity feature – fractal dimension. The colony treatment takes place through one tuning fork whose frequency has natural origin. Significant complexity changes were revealed. Possible explanations by the mechanical and resonance model are discussed.

4. K. W. Kratky: Die (Un-)Regelmäßigkeit körpereigener Rhythmen. In: G. Tucek (Hrsg.), Musik und Medizin. Beiträge zur Musik- und Therapieforschung 1995-2004. Akademie für Ganzheitsmedizin, Wien 2004.

   Im menschlichen Organismus gibt es sehr viele verschiedene Rhythmen, die miteinander vernetzt sind und auch von der Umgebung bzw. der Umwelt beeinflußt werden. Man denke nur an den Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus, der durch die Einwirkung der Sonne auf 24 Stunden eingestimmt wird. Die Rhythmen gehen hinunter bis zu Bruchteilen von Sekunden, den typischen Frequenzen unserer Gehirnwellen, die mit dem EEG erfaßt werden. Was in der Folge speziell betrachtet werden wird, ist der Herzrhythmus (EKG-Messungen). Es stellt sich dabei die Frage, wann das Herz gesund ist. Wird es durch einen regelmäßigen oder einen unregelmäßigen Herzschlag charakterisiert? Zunächst könnte man meinen: Je regelmäßiger, desto besser. Es zeigt sich allerdings, daß man mit einem zu regelmäßig schlagenden Herzen nicht überleben könnte. Zu diesem Thema kann die Chaosforschung einiges anbieten. In der Folge möchte ich auch einen Zusammenhang mit musikalischen Rhythmen herstellen. Der Takt wird z.B. beim Trommeln nicht ganz regelmäßig angeschlagen, das würde auch nicht sehr lebendig klingen. Vermutlich gibt es zwischen den leicht unregelmäßigen Rhythmen der Musik und den körpereigenen Rhythmen einen tieferen Zusammenhang.

5. W. Gruber: Falten und Fliegen – Papierflieger und ihre Physik. Physik in unserer Zeit 5 (2004) 234-240.

   Ein Blatt Papier, ein paar Faltungen, ein perfekter Wurf, und man kann sich am ästhetischen Gleitflug eines Papierfliegers freuen. Für einen gelungenen Flug bedarf es jedoch einiger Tricks aus der Physik.

6. K. E. Kürten, C. Krattenthaler: Multistability and Fractal Properties of Hamiltonian Lattice Models. In: E. Suraud (Ed.), Condensed Matter Theories, Vol. 19. Nova Science Publishers, New York 2004.

   Assuming that within each layer all magnetic moments are ferromagnetically aligned but with an orientation differing from layer to layer, our model system can be modelled as a collection of N elementary magnetic moments described by a classical Hamiltonian that is discrete in space. The variety of possible spatial magnetic structures stems from a competition between three forces: First, the interlayer exchange energy, favoring uniform magnetization configurations. Second, the Zeeman energy defined by the strength of an external magnetic field H, favoring the alignment of the moments along the field direction. Third, the anisotropy energy defined by a suitable multi-well potential favoring collinear structures along preferred directions. We give an exact enumeration of all possible nonequivalent magnetic structures of the system that can be thought of as collection of interacting magnetic particles residing on a ring. The resulting magnetic structures are specified by periodic orbits a two-dimensional map. They fall into equivalence classes, where the internal symmetries are given by the action of the dihedral group DN. consisting of N rotations and N mirror reflections with respect to all possible N symmetry axes. We show that the number of nonequivalent magnetic structures increases exponential with N. Accordingly, the energy surface consists of exponentially many locally stable minima separated by large barriers. We show further that with increasing number of layers the spectrum of the spatial distribution of the magnetic moments grows in a quasi self-similar manner and give an exact enumeration of all possible magnetization directions. In the large N-limit the magnetic patterns turn out to have a multi-fractal structure intimately connected to the experimentally observed Barkhausen jumps.

Accepted Publications

1. K. W. Kratky: Lebensweg: Rhythmen, Übergänge und Lebensspirale. In: Internationale Kinesiologie Akademie (Hrsg.), Leben im Wandel der Zeit, Ereignisse der Lebensreferenzlinie und ihr Einfluss auf die Biografie. Internationale Kinesiologie Akademie, Frankfurt am Main 2005.

   Das Leben ist durch physiologische Rhythmen und durch mehr oder weniger markante Übergänge gekennzeichnet. Beide lassen sich auf der Gesundheitsscheibe, einer vom Vortragenden entwickelten graphischen Darstellung, gut darstellen. Der Lebensweg als ganzes wird auf dieser Scheibe durch die Lebensspirale dargestellt. Die Bedeutung dieser Spirale für Gesundheit und Krankheit wird erläutert und speziell auch auf Geburt und Tod eingegangen.

2. K. W. Kratky: The Development of Chinese Medicine from a Cross-Cultural Point of View. In: G. E. Lasker and K. W. Kratky (Eds.): Health, Healing and Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative Medicine. The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada 2005.

   In this paper, the development of Chinese medicine is treated. Starting from its daoistic origin, Chinese medicine has evolved into the so-called Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This transition was accompanied by political changes in China. Important terms are yin and yang, the elements (phases) and the meridians (channels). It turns out that some of the old Chinese concepts are fruitful for a cross-cultural discussion, e.g., yinyang or qi as third principle. The twelve meridians are grouped in pairs that are associated with the elements. Their commensurate number six, however, was virtually reduced to five during the development of Chinese medicine. This issue is considered in detail, and it is argued that the reintroduction of the sixth element (flora) makes sense, especially from a cross-cultural point of view. Then the location of the twelve meridians in the human body is treated. They form three energy circuits, each of them consisting of four meridians. A rough estimate of the basic cycle time is two hours. This is compatible with the basic rest-activity cycle (BRAC) found in Western chronobiology.

3. K. W. Kratky: The Chronobiology and Cross-Cultural Medicine: Cyclic Processes during a Day, a Year, and a Lifetime. In: G. E. Lasker and K. W. Kratky (Eds.): Health, Healing and Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative Medicine. The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada 2005.

   At first, several results of Western chronobiology are dealt with, especially diurnal rhythms and the BRAC (basic rest-activity cycle). Then we turn to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and the functional relations between the Chinese elements. It turns out that the nourishing cycle can also interpreted in a temporal way and is probably the Eastern counterpart of BRAC. Furthermore, it also appears in the annual cycle of the seasons. There are different versions (including Tibetan medicine) with 8, 6, 5 and 4 seasons. The advantage of including flora in the Chinese elements is discussed. Then diurnal rhythms are considered. In TCM, the large energy cycle (clock of the organs) is an example of such a rhythm. Its deviation from the nourishing cycle is described within a cross-cultural graphics, the annular arrangement of meridians. Using this graphics, possible cycles are considered that are compatible with qi flow in the human body. Referring to this, the different versions of seasonal models are treated again. At last, the slow changes during lifetime are considered, where results of ayurveda, the Indian medicine, are used. These changes are characterized by the life-spiral on a disc that is the generalization of the annular arrangement.

4. S. Ibrahim and K. W. Kratky: Human Types: Relationship between Yin / Yang and Vagotonia / Sympathicotonia. In: G. E. Lasker and K. W. Kratky (Eds.): Health, Healing and Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative Medicine. The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada 2005.

   Background: In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), human beings are classified into yin and yang with relative excess of yin or yang respectively. This classification is used in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Western medicine does not use human types as an integrated part of its healing system. Yin and yang have many properties of the parasympathetic and sympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system, respectively. Objective: to determine whether yin and yang may be correlated with the dualistic components of the autonomic nervous system, and whether such a correlation could be used as a classification for human beings. Methods: A questionnaire in German was constructed to determine both yin and yang states as well as the associated parasympathetic and sympathetic activities. Results: There were a total of 217 respondents from the 250 questionnaires distributed. The majority of the participants were yin / vagotonia type, followed by yang / sympathicotonia, yang / vagotonia and yin / sympathicotonia. Chi-square test shows highly significant association between yin/ yang and parasympathetic/ sympathetic. Conclusion: parasympathetic / sympathetic nervous systems could be the scientific basis of yin and yang. In addition, four human types were identified in this study the yin / vagotonia, the yang / sympathicotonia, the yin / sympathicotonia and the yang / vagotonia.

5. S. Ibrahim, K. W. Kratky and C. Adensamer: The Practice of and Attitudes towards Complementary Medicine among Non-Hospital Physicians in Vienna. In: G. E. Lasker and K. W. Kratky (Eds.): Health, Healing and Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative Medicine. The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada 2005.

   Background: There is evidence that complementary medicine (CM) is becoming more popular among patients in Vienna. Evaluating the use of and attitudes towards CM by Viennese physicians could help to integrate it into primary health care. Objective: To determine the practice of, and attitudes towards, CM among non-hospital physicians in Vienna. Methods: A questionnaire was sent out to all non-hospital physicians in Vienna. Results: A total of 3222 questionnaires were sent and a response rate of 14% was obtained. 48% of respondents practiced CM themselves in addition to Western medicine. The most commonly practiced CM were acupuncture and homoeopathy, followed by neural therapy. The majority of the respondents believe that CM works, it is effective and safe, but should be subject to more scientific testing. Conclusion: 48% of the respondents have integrated CM into their practices. Their attitudes towards CM were positive, but they would like to know how CM works, the degree of its effectiveness, its side effects, its complications and its cost effectiveness.

6. K. E. Kürten: Fractal Properties of Small Magnetic Particles and Magnetic Multilayers: an Exactly Solvable Model. In: J.W. Clark and W. Pannof (Eds.), Condensed Matter Theories. Vol. 20. Nova Science Publishers, New York, USA 2005.

   The focus of this report is an analytical study of the energy landscape of a Hamiltonian based on a piecewise quadratic potential. In contrast to widely used on-site potentials with a quadratic maximum [all physical quantities of interest can be studied analytically. We have shown that, depending on the strength of the on-site potential, the energy surface of our model can consist of exponentially many locally stable minima separated by large barriers specified by unstable saddle points. Also the degeneracy can be calculated analytically with the aid of Redfield-Pòlya theory. The most important finding is that the distribution of the magnetic moments is fractal provided that the strength of the on-site potential exceeds the critical value 4/3. With increasing strength of the on-site potential the fractal dimension of the distribution tends logarithmically to zero.

7. F.V. Kusmartsev and K. E. Kürten: Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata. In: J.W. Clark and W. Pannof (Eds.), Condensed Matter Theories. Vol. 20. Nova Science Publishers, New York, USA 2005.

   Recently Cowburn and Welland have proposed to use a chain of magnetic nanoparticles deposited on a nonmagnetic substrate as a room temperature Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata (MQCA). Such automata made of magnetic dots are capable of data handling. The silicon microchip, the single electron transistor (SET) seems set to generate the next revolution in data processing and storage. Arrangements of SETs have recently shown their ability to perform logic operations. They were called Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) because they use quantum mechanical tunnelling of charge between quantum dots to change logic state. However, currently, unless the SET dots are less than 2 nm across, the electronic QCA will only work at millikelvin temperatures. Now the attention is focused on magnetic QCAs instead, which can operate at room temperatures. The MQCA networks are built up of magnetic dots, which are made from a common magnetic alloy on a silicon substrate.

   We have investigated this model in detail considering arrays of a few and many nanoparticles, and shown that besides MQCA they also have potential for sensor applications and magnetic data storage. In particular we show that such systems have a very complex nontrivial magnetic behaviour. There different nontrivial structures displaying.

8. K. W. Kratky: Die drei Prinzipien am Beispiel der Homöopathie (Diathesen, Miasmen) und der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (Yin, Yang, Qi). Homöopathie in Österreich 16 (2005).

   Weltweit sind in unterschiedlichen Medizinsystemen immer wieder drei Prinzipien anzutreffen, die grundsätzliche Verhaltensweisen von Menschen, deren Gesunderhaltung und Krankheitsanfälligkeit beschreiben. In Kratky (2002) wurden etliche solcher Dreiertypologien verglichen, wobei der Ayurveda (indische Medizin) eine wichtige Basis darstellte. In der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der Ausgangspunkt die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM), wo die drei Prinzipien zunächst nicht so klar zutage treten. Es wird aber belegt, dass die Triade Yin, Yang und Qi (bzw. Yinyang) ein Äquivalent der drei Prinzipien darstellt. Danach wird schwerpunktmäßig auf die Diathesen bzw. Miasmen in der Homöopathie eingegangen und auch neuere Entwicklungen (Gienow) besprochen. Um Prozesse der Erkrankung und Gesundung darstellen zu können, wird die vom Autor entwickelte Gesundheitsscheibe, insbesondere die so genannte Lebensspirale, verwendet.

Submitted

1. K. E. Kürten and F.V. Kusmartsev, Fractal Structure in Systems Made of Small Magnetic Particles. Phys.Rev.B.
2. A. Schäfer and K. W. Kratky: The Effect of Colored Illumination on Heart-Rate Variability. Biophysical Reviews and Letters.
3. A. Kubin, H. G. Löw et.al.: Water-soluble hypericin. Int. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
4. D. Schmid, D. Staudacher, C. Plass, H. G. Löw et.al: Mediated proportional limiting of mechanical power output in rat and guinea pig left ventricular papillary muscles prone to hypoxic core. Am. Joournal of Physiology.
5. Ch. Plass, H. G. Löw, G.M. Wiesenthaler, et.al: Photorelaxation of human vascular smooth muscle: mechanisms and clinical implications. Int. Journal of Circulation Research.

Conference Proceedings

1. K. E. Kürten: Multistability and Dynamical Behaviour of Small Magnetic Particles and Thin Magnetic Multilayers. In: D.C. Dalton, N. Lindsey and F.V. Kusmartsev (Eds.), International Workshop on Arrays of Quantum Dots and Josephson Junctions, Split, Croatia, 21-27 October 2004.
2. I. Lucic, G. Soja, H. Haider, W. Giczi und K. W. Kratky: Untersuchungsmethodik der Auswirkungen von hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern (GSM - Basisstations-Entsprechung) anhand von Pflanzen und Pilzen. In: Österreichische Physikalische Gesellschaft (Hrsg.), 54. Jahrestagung der ÖPG, Linz 2004 (S. 53).
3. I. Lucic, G. Soja, H. Haider, W. Giczi und K. W. Kratky: Biologische Wirkungen hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Felder. In: Österreichische Physikalische Gesellschaft (Hrsg.), 54. Jahrestagung der ÖPG, Linz 2004 (S. 113).
4. I. Lucic: Biological impacts of high frequency electromagnetic fields. In: Report of the 1st International Graduate- and PhD Seminar on Biogenetics & Natural Resources and the 7th International Graduate- and PhD Seminar on Environmental Research. Eds: ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH and University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Institute for Soil Research (Eds,), Seibersdorf and Vienna 2004 (p. 34).
5. I. Lucic, K. W. Kratky and H. Klima, Biophoton emission and supplementary evaluation parameters of biological tissue that was treated with mechanical and electromagnetic waves vs. non-treated biological tissue. In: V. Martynyuk (Ed.), Biophotons and coherent systems in biology, biophysics and biotechnology. Conference Proceedings of the 3rd Alexander Gurwitsch Conference, Simferopol, Ukraine 2004.

Reports

Books

1. G. E. Lasker and K. W. Kratky (Eds.): Health, Healing and Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative Medicine. The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada 2005 (in print)

Patents

1. A. Kubin and H. G. Löw: Preparation hypericin bonded with poly-N-vinylamides, 01933457.2-2404 PCT/AT0100159 (January 27, 2003), European patent office. Published at Dec 29, 2004 with the approbated European patent number EP 1289 562.

The invention relates to an active agent combination for diagnosing and treating tumors, comprising a water-soluble complex or a water-soluble compound of pure hypericin and a poly-N-vinylamide, especially PVp.

Lectures – Posters

Lectures

K. W. Kratky

Menschenbild und Heilkunde: Vergleich und Integration von Verfahren I (Interuniversitärer Fernstudiengang für komplementäre, psychosoziale und integrative Gesundheitsförderung, Schloß Seggau), 24. & 25.1.2004.

Weltbild und Realität - Grundsätzliches zum Verständnis von Medizinsystemen (Klub logischer Denker, Wien), 18.2.2004.

Menschenbild und Heilkunde: Vergleich und Integration von Verfahren II (Interuniversitärer Fernstudiengang für komplementäre, psychosoziale und integrative Gesundheitsförderung, Schloß Seggau), 17.4.2004.

Komplementäre Medizinsysteme. Vergleich und Integration (MedSuccess am AKH, Wien), 8.5.2004.

Philosophische Grundlagen des Heilens (Club philosophique, Wien), 11.6.2004.

Die Verbindung von Physik und Psychologie bzw. Medizin (Fortbildung der Psychologen des Otto Wagner Spitals, Wien), 20.10.2004.

Aspekte der Heilung (Weiterbildung "Energetische Modelle und Methoden – Therapeutische Berührung" der IGSL Hospizbewegung, Wien), 29.10.2004.

Weltbilder komplementärmedizinischer Richtungen (Vorlesung "Grundlagen und Praxis komplementärmedizinischer Methoden", Universität Wien), 8.11.2004.

K. E. Kürten

Fractal Spatial Structures and Breathers in Discrete Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Systems (Loughborough University, Department of Physics), 14.04.2004.

Fractal Watches Made of Small Magnetic Disks (Loughborough University, Department of Physics), 22.11.2004.

I. Lucic

Einfluss von mechanischen und elektromagnetischen (Licht) Wellen auf die Pilzmycele (Austrian society of biophysics. Vienna University, Universität Wien) , 29.6.2004.

W. Gruber

Papierflieger, Boomerangs und Physik (Highlights der Physik, Stuttgart), 24.-26.6. 2004.

Warum fliegen Flieger (KinderUniSteyr, Steyr), 30.-31.Aug. 2004.

"University meets public"-lectures (VHS Meidling, VHS Liesing), January-December 2004.

Conference Contributions

K. W. Kratky

Lebensweg: Rhythmen, Übergänge und Lebensspirale (Internationales Forum 2004 der Internationalen Kinesiologie Akademie, Bad Nauheim), 27.6.2004.

The Development of Chinese Medicine from a Cross-Cultural Point of View (16th International Conference on System Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-Baden) , 30.7.2004.

Chronobiology and Cross-Cultural Medicine: Cyclic Processes during a Day, a Year, and a Lifetime (16th International Conference on System Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-Baden), 30.7.2004.

Complementary Medicine: Comparison and Integration (keynote address at the 16th International Conference on System Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-Baden), 2.8.2004.

Die drei Prinzipien am Beispiel der Homöopathie und der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (Symposium "Energiemedizin II. Neue Entwicklungen in Akupunktur und Homöopathie" der Akademie für Ganzheitsmedizin, Wien), 5.11.2004.

K. E. Kürten

Fractal Properties of Small Magnetic Particles and Magnetic Multilayers: an Exactly Solvable Model (invited lecture at the XXVIII International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories, St. Louis, MO, USA) 18.9.2004.

Multistability and Dynamical Behaviour of Small Magnetic Particles and Thin Magnetic Multilayers (invited lecture at the International Workshop on Arrays of Quantum Dots and Josephson Junctions, Split, Croatia) 24.10.2004.

S. Ibrahim

Human Types: Relationship between Yin / Yang and Vagotonia / Sympathicotonia (16th International Conference on System Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-Baden), 29.7.2004.

Attitudes to Complementary Medicine among General Practitioners in Vienna, Austria (16th International Conference on System Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-Baden), 29.7.2004.

W. Gruber

Physikalische Grundlagen der Fleischverarbeitung (Agrarpädagogisches Institut Wien), 9.11.2004.

Standards in der Ernährungserziehung (Agrarpädagogisches Institut Wien), 9.11.2004.

I. Lucic

Untersuchungsmethodik der Auswirkungen von hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern (GSM-Basisstationentsprechung) anhand von Pflanzen und Pilzen (54. Jahrestagung der ÖPG, Linz), 28.9.2004.

Posters

H. G. Löw

Fluorescence-optical methods in therapeutic dermatology and urology. a) Enhancing optical detection specifity using PVP-Hypericin as a new substance detecting TCC-carcinoma in human bladderwall. b) Fluorescence guided dermatology using 5- ALA applications on human skin lesions (Wissenschaftliche Sommertagung der Gesellschaft der Ärzte: Präsentation der wissenschaftlichen Höhepunkte der Wiener Medizin des Jahres 2003, Wien), 29.9.2004.

Novel type fluorescence-optical organ bath for non-invasive continuous detection of metabolic energy parameters in electrostimulated cardio-myocytes of papillary muscles (Wissenschaftliche Sommertagung der Gesellschaft der Ärzte: Präsentation der wissenschaftlichen Höhepunkte der Wiener Medizin des Jahres 2003, Wien), 29.9.2004.

I. Lucic

Biologische Wirkungen hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Felder (54. Jahrestagung der ÖPG, Linz), 29.9.2004

Biological impacts of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (1st International Graduate- and PhD Seminar on Biogenetics & Natural Resources and 7th International Graduate- and PhD Seminar on Environmental Research. University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Institute for Soil Research, Vienna), 17.11.2004.

W. Gruber

Physik und Verkehrssicherheit (NAWI-Netzwerk Wien, Technisches Museum Wien), 8.10.2004.

Teaching and Web-Based Didactics

W. Gruber

Vorlesung "Brain Modelling I + II, Physikalische Modelle für das Gedächtnis", steht auch online zur Verfügung: http://brain.exp. univie.ac.at

Im Rahmen dieser Lehrveranstaltung werden aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aus den Bereichen der Neuroscience vorgestellt und ihre Relevanz diskutiert. Der Streifzug durch die Neuroscience beginnt bei der Beschreibung von Neuronen, technischen neuronalen Netzen und dem Vergleich zu biologischen Netzwerken. Nach der Vorstellung von einigen konkreten Modellen aus der Biologie (Beispiele: Erkennen von Objekten durch das visuelle System, Synchronisation im Gehirn, Steuerungen und Regelungen im Nervensystem) endet der Streifzug bei philosophischen Fragestellungen. Da in diesem Forschungsgebiet noch viele Fragen offen sind beziehungsweise noch gar nicht gestellt wurden, wird auch auf die Grenzen des aktuellen Wissens hingewiesen.

Diploma Theses– PhD Theses

Current Diploma Theses

D. Diepold

Auswirkung von akustischen Reizen auf die Heart-Rate-Variability

N. Elagöz

Nichtlineare Analyse des Einflusses von Licht auf den Menschen

Completed Diploma Theses

M.M. Steurer

Bestimmung der elektronischen Arbeitspunkte und der zugehörigen Impedanzen an neuralen Membranen

Die Untersuchung von Vorgängen im menschlichen Gehirn und die Modellierung neuraler Prozesse kann auf mehreren Ebenen durchgeführt werden. Diese Ebenen erstrecken sich von molekularen Vorgängen über die elektrophysiologischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Neuronen und Neuronengruppen bis zur Betrachtung psychologischer Effekte. In dieser Arbeit werden die verschiedenen Ebenen dargestellt. Es wird eine Einführung in die biologischen Grundlagen gegeben, die möglichen Modellierungen der elektronischen Eigenschaften von Neuronen aufgezeigt und die grundlegenden elektrophysiologischen Methoden beschrieben. Diese Methoden werden anhand von Experimenten mit Neuronen von der Weinbergschnecke (Helix pomatia) erläutert. Weiters wird ein Einblick in die mathematische Modellierung neuronaler Prozesse, wie zum Beispiel Vesikelausschüttung und Ionenkanalaktivität sowie in die Simulation von Verbänden von Neuronen gegeben.

Current PhD Theses

W. Gruber

Physikalische Beschreibung des menschlichen Gehirns: Verbände von Neuronen

p. F. Hüttner

Zeitreihenentwicklung von metabolischen Systemen: Analyse, Vorhersage, Steuerung

S. Ibrahim

Naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen der medizinischen Systeme

H. G. Löw

Sauerstoff- und Energietransport in elektrisch geladenen Partikelsystemen turbider Medien. Anwendung in der Tumorbiophysik unter Verwendung photodynamischer und ultraschallinduzierter molekularer Interaktionen

I. Lucic

Der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Frequenzen auf biologische Systeme

Completed PhD Theses

A. Schäfer

Lichttherapie mit Variation physikalischer Parameter

Methoden: In dieser Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen von hellem Licht unterschiedlicher spektraler Zusammensetzung auf die Heart-Rate Variablity (HRV) untersucht. In Experiment 1 wurden zwölf Versuchspersonen je 10 min mit rotem, grünem und blauem Leuchtstoffröhrenlicht von ca. 700 Lux bestrahlt und die HRV vor, während und nach der Beleuchtung gemessen. In Experiment 2 erhielten acht Personen über je 30 min eine Dosis von ca. 2300 Lux von tageslichtweißem und handelsüblichem neutralweißem Leuchtstoffröhrenlicht. Untersucht wurden dabei nichtlineare sowie Time-Domain- und Frequency-Domain-Variablen der HRV. Die statistische Auswertung wurde anhand der Änderung dieser Parameter durch die Beleuchtung im Vergleich zur vorherigen Dunkelheit durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse: Die Detrended Fluctuation Analysis ergab ein Ansteigen des Selbstähnlichkeitsparameters α bei rotem und grünem Licht und einen Abfall bei blauem Licht. Das neutralweiße Licht und insbesondere das Tageslichtspektrum führte tendenziell zu einem Rückgang der Extreme von α zu führen. Der Puls-Atem-Quotient fiel bei rotem und grünem Licht ab, während das blaue und das tageslichtweiße Licht zu einer Annäherung an den für Entspannungszustände charakteristischen Wert 4 führten. Diese Ergebnisse waren hochsignifikant. Die Resultate zeigen, daß die HRV innerhalb von Minuten durch helles Licht beeinflußt wird und dabei auch die Wirkung verschiedener Spektren unterschieden werden kann.

Miscellaneous

W. Gruber

• Rechnungsprüfer der Biophysikalischen Gesellschaft Österreichs
• Gutachter für das Technische Museum Wien für den Bereich „Technik im Alltag“
• Mitglied des Planungskomitees der ÖPG für das Jahr der Physik

K. W. Kratky

• Member of the Scientific Board of the Journals 'Systeme' and 'Research in Complementary and Classical Natural Medicine' and of the Viennese International Academy of Complementary Medicine as well as the Institute of Ethno-music Therapy, Schloß Rosenau, Austria.
• Fellow of the International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
• Member of the Board of Governors of the Scientific Society 'Dynamics – Complexity – Human Systems'.
• Lecturer at the Inter-University Master Course for Complementary, Psycho-social and Integrative Health Care, Graz, Austria.
• Lecturer at the International Pilot Course for Oriental Music Therapy, Schloß Rosenau and Vienna.
• Chairman at the Symposium 'Comparative and Integrative Medicine' (16th International Conference on System Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-Baden), Aug 29-30, 2004.

K. E. Kürten

• Guest Scientist and Lecturer

A. Schamanek

• looks after the computers of our group (volunteer)

PRIZES AND AWARDS

K. W. Kratky

'Book of the Year Award' for the book 'Komplementäre Medizinsysteme. Vergleich und Integration', International Institute for Advances Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics', Windsor, Ontario, Canada, 2004.

W. Gruber

Verkehrssicherheitspreis und das goldene Rad des Kuratoriums für Verkehrssicherheit, 2004

PRESENCE IN THE MEDIA

K. W. Kratky

Print media and electronic journals

• Chaosforscher untersucht Alternativmedizin (von Roland Dreger). Die Universität - online (27.4.2004)
• La homepopatia en el banquillo (von Matias Loewy) Revista Noticias, Argentinien, No 1442 (14.8.2004)
• Auf der Suche nach Gemeinsamkeiten (Interview von Kurt Usar). Homöopathie in Österreich 152 (2004) S.23f.

A. Schäfer

Print media and electronic journals

• Herzschläge als Gesundheitsmaß (von Susanne Mauthner-Weber), Kurier (20.5.2004, S.23)
• Licht gegen Winterdepression: Wirkung physikalisch untersucht (von Roland Dreger). Die Universität - online (25.11.2004)

W. Gruber

Print media

• „Die Opferwurst“, Kurier, 18.April 2004
• „Grubers Welt“, Kurier, 11. Mai 2004
• „Physik mit Gruber“, Oberösterreichische Nachrichten, 11. Mai 2004
• „Tiefgekühlter Schumi und Schaumblasen“, Stuttgarter Zeitung, 18. Juni 2004
• „Wie viel Flüssigkeit passt in eine Babywindel“, Stuttgarter Zeitung, 24. Juni 2004
• „Physik des Aufpralls“, Freie Fahrt, 7-8 2004
• „Kochen ist auch Wissenschaft“, Salzburger Nachrichten, 11.Sept.2004
• „Schlemmen wie im alten Rom“, Kurier, 12.Okt. 2004
• „Obskure Wünschelrutenbeweise“, Profil, 18.Okt.2004
• „Das doppelte Lottchen“, Profil, 15. Nov. 2004

Television

• 12 May to 29 September 04: a TV-series, called „Grubers Welt“, with different questions from physics, every Wednesday, on ORF
• „Physik und Kochen“, Frisch gekocht ist halb gewonnen, ORF, 23. Feb. 2004
• „Die Physik im Alltag“, Willkommen Österreich - ORF, 16.April.2004
• „Physik und Parapsychologie“, ZiB2 – ORF, 4. Aug. 2004
• „Die Physik des Milchschaums“, Willkommen Österreich, ORF, 30. Sept. 2004
• „Grubers wundersame Welt“, FunTec - ORF, 22. Okt. 2004
• „Die Physik des Gulasch“, Willkommen Österreich, ORF, 29. Okt. 2004
• „Die Thermodynamik der Martinigans“, Puls-TV, 15.Nov.2004
• „Ein physikalisches Weihnachtsmenü“, Kabel 1 Journal, Kabel 1, 17.Dez. 2004

University Courses 2003/2004

K. W. Kratky

WS: Komplementärmedizin: naturwissenschaftliche, psychologische und
ethnologische Zugänge SE, 2std.

WS: Grundlagen und Praxis komplementärmedizinischer Methoden
(mit M. Frass u.a.) VO, 2std.

SS: Gemeinsamkeiten komplementärmedizinischer Methoden –
aus naturwissenschaftlicher und interkultureller Sicht VO, 2std.

K. E. Kürten

WS: Einführung in die Theorie vernetzter Systeme I VO, 2std.

WS: Neuere Entwicklungen in der Theorie vernetzter Systeme SE+UE, 4std.

SS: Einführung in die Theorie vernetzter Systeme II VO, 2std.

SS: Aktuelle Kapitel in der Theorie vernetzter Systeme II SE+UE, 4std.

W. Gruber

WS: Biophysikalisches Praktikum (mit H. Horvath u.a.) PR, 6st.

WS: Brain Modelling I − physikalische Modelle für das Gedächtnis VO+UE, 3std.

WS: Komplexe dynamische Systeme mit Computerübungen I VO+UE, 2std.

SS: Brain Modelling II − physikalische Modelle für das Gedächtnis VO, 3std.

SS: Komplexe dynamische Systeme – Computerübungen II UE, 2st.

SS: Praktikum für Schulversuche II (mit A. Asenbaum u.a.) PR, 8st.

H. G. Löw

WS: Biophysikalisches Praktikum (mit H. Horvath u.a.) PR, 6st.

M. Steurer

WS: Biophysikalisches Praktikum (mit H. Horvath u.a.) PR, 6st.

Last modification: August 31, 2006