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- Abdomen,
19, 141
- development of, 213
- Abdominal appendages,
143
- development of, 217
- Abdominal somite, characters of,
142
- Ætiology,
47
- Agassiz,
308
- Alimentary canal,
51
- development of,
213,
222
- Ambulatory legs,
168
- American Crayfishes,
243,
247
- Amoeba,
285
- Amurland Crayfishes,
304
- Antenna,
23,
172
- development of,
214,
218
- Antennule,
23,
173
- development of,
214,
218
- Anthrapalæmon,
341
- Anus,
29
- Apodeme,
99,
158,
175
- Appendage,
24,
143,
161,
173
- abdominal,
143
- cephalic,
170
- thoracic,
164
- Archenteron,
211
- Arctogæal province,
314
- Areola,
235
- Aristotle, referred to,
4
- Arteries,
71
- Arteries, development of,
224
- Arthrobranchia,
75
- Arthrophragm,
158
- Arthropoda,
279,
284
- Articulations,
95
- Asiatic Crayfishes,
304
- Astacina,
254
- Astacoides,
250,
313
- Astacomorpha,
338
- Astacopsis,
250,
264
- Astacus, division into sub-genera,
290
- Astacus angulosus,
302,
310
- colchicus,
302,
310
- dauricus,
304,
310
- fluviatilis,
- anatomy, general account of,
17-31
- attachment of young to mother,
40,
351
- branchial formula,
266
- development,
205-226
- distribution, geographical
44,
288,
298
- distribution, chronological,
44
- ecdysis,
32,
350
- general characters,
6
- growth,
31,
349
- habits,
8
- histology,
174
- mortality,
127
- muscular system,
90
- myths concerning,
44
- name, origin of,
13
- nervous system,
101
- newly hatched young, characters of,
219
- nutrition,
48
- occurrence,
5,
8
- organs of alimentation,
51
- circulation,
68
- excretion,
82,
353
- hearing,
116
- reproduction,
128
- respiration,
75,
353
- sight,
118
- smell,
114
- taste,
115
- touch,
113
- prehension of food,
49
- putrid, effect of smell of,
45
- reproduction of lost limbs,
38
- sexual characters,
7,
20,
32,
145,
241
- somites and appendages,
143
- systematic description,
230
- use as food,
10,
289
- varieties,
289
- fontinalis,
290
- japonicus,
304
- klamathensis,
305
- leniusculus,
305
- leptodactylus,
299,
302,
303,
310,
320
- nigrescens,
244
- nobilis,
290,
295,
296,
299,
310
- oreganus,
305
- pachypus,
302,
310
- pallipes,
290
- politus,
344
- saxitilis,
290
- Schrenckii,
304,
310
- torrentium,
290,
294,
298,
310,
311
- tristis,
290
- Trowbridgii,
305
- Atya, Atyidæ,
331,
336
- Auditory organ,
116
- setæ
116
- Australian Crayfishes,
306
- province,
314
- Austrocolumbian province,
314
- Axius,
271
- Ball, R., quotes,
36
- Basipodite,
143
- Bell, T., quoted,
37,
42
- Bile-duct,
61,
66
- Biological sciences, scope of,
4
- Blastoderm,
207
- Blastomere,
205
- Blastopore,
209
- Blood,
31,
68,
176
- corpuscles,
69,
176
- development of,
224
- sinuses,
50,
69
- Bobretsky, referred to,
356
- Bolivar, Dr.,
298
- Branchiæ,
- Astacoides,
266
- Astacopsis,
264
- Astacus,
25,
75,
265
- development of,
224
- Cancer,
276
- Homarus,
257
- Palæmon,
270
- Palinurus,
264
- Penaeus,
267
- Branchial chamber,
25
- formula,
- Astacoides,
266
- Astacopsis,
264
- Cancer,
277
- hypothetically complete,
268
- Palæmon,
270
- Palinurus,
265
- Penæus,
267
- Branchiobdella,
356
- Branchiostegite,
25
- development of,
217
- Braun, quoted,
352
- Brazilian Crayfishes,
306
- Cæcum,
61
- Calcification of exoskeleton,
197
- Californian Crayfishes,
243
- Cambarus,
44,
247,
310,
312
- Cancer,
272,
283
- Carapace,
19
- development of,
214
- Carbonnier, M., quoted,
297,
349,
350
- Cardia,
52
- Caridina,
330
- Carpopodite,
165
- Cell,
66,
199
- Cell-aggregate,
190,
199
- division,
200,
- theory,
202,
204
- Cephalic
- appendages,
170
- development of,
217
- flexure,
163
- somites,
154
- Cephalon,
19,
141
- Cephalothorax,
19
- Cervical groove,
19
- spines,
234
- Chantran, M., quoted,
348,
350,
351
- Chelæ,
22
- Chilian Crayfishes,
308
- Chitin,
50
- composition of,
347
- Chæraps,
250
- Chorology,
46
- Circulation,
73
- organs of,
68
- Common knowledge and science,
3
- Connective tissue,
178
- development of,
224
- Cope, Prof., quoted,
316
- Cornea,
118
- Coxopodite,
143
- Coxopoditic setæ,
78
- Crab, see Cancer
- Crab's-eye, see Gastrolith
- Crangon,
272
- Crayfish, origin of name,
12
- common, see Astacus fluviatilis
- Crayfishes, Amurland,
304
- Asiatic,
304
- Australian,
306
- Brazilian,
306
- Californian,
243
- Chilian,
308
- definition of,
254
- Eastern North American,
247,
305
- European,
288,
297
- evolution of,
331
- Figian,
306,
313
- Japanese,
304,
313
- Mascarene,
308,
313
- northern and southern, compared,
252
- Novozelanian,
306,
313
- southern,
249
- Tasmanian,
306
- Western North American,
305,
313
- Crusacea,
271,
278
- Crystalline cones,
121
- Cuticle,
33,
50,
175,
192
- Cyclas,
356
- Dactylopodite,
165
- Daphnia, asexual reproduction of,
128
- Darwin, C., referred to,
4
- De Haan, quoted, 313
- Development,
205
- abdomen,
213
- abdominal appendages,
217
- alimentary canal,
213,
222
- antennæ,
214,
218
- antennules,
214,
218
- blood and blood vessels,
224
- branchiostegite,
217
- carapace,
214
- cephalic appendages,
217,
219
- connective tissue,
224
- ear,
225
- eye,
225
- eyestalk,
214,
218
- gills,
224
- heart,
224
- kidney,
224
- labrum,
218
- mandibles,
214
- muscles,
224
- nervous system,
213,
224
- reproductive organs,
225
- rostrum,
217
- thoracic appendages,
217,
219
- Digestion,
63
- Distribution,
46
- chronological, of crayfishes,
44,
316,
339
- table of,
345
- geographical, of crayfishes,
44,
288
- causes of,
335
- results of study of,
308,
314
- Dormer, quoted,
356
- Dulk, quoted,
349
- Ear,
116
- development of,
225
- Ecdysis,
32,
350
- Écrevisse à pieds blancs,
289,
297
à pieds rouges,
289,
297
- Ectoderm,
141
- Ectostracum,
194
- Edelkrebs,
290
- Endoderm,
141
- Endophragmal system,
157
- Endopleurite,
158
- Endopodite,
145
- Endoskeleton,
17
- Endosternite,
158
- Endostracum,
194
- Engæus,
250,
306
- Enoplocytia,
342
- Epiblast,
211
- Epidermis,
140
- Epimeron,
143
- Epiostracum,
192
- Epipodite,
167
- Epistoma,
155
- Epithelium,
140,177
- Equus excelsus, occurring with fossil crayfishes,
316
- Eryma,
341
- Evolution of crayfishes,
331
- Excretion, organs of,
82
- Exopodite,
145
- Exoskeleton,
17
- chemical composition,
347
- Eye,
118
- compound,
122
- development of,
225
- Eye-stalk,
24,
173
- development of,
214
- Family,
252
- Fat-cells,
180
- fibre, muscular,
185
- Fibril, muscular
185
- Figian Crayfishes,
306
- Filament, muscular,
185
- Filter of stomach,
58
- Flagellum,
167
- Food-yelk,
206
- Foot-jaws, see maxillipedes
- Forceps,
22
- Foregut,
61
- development of,
213,
222
- Fossil crayfishes,
316
- Foster, Dr. M., referred to,
110
- France, consumption of crayfish in,
10
- Function,
22
- Galaxidæ,
315
- Gammarus,
323
- Ganglion,
103,
105
- Ganglionic corpuscle,
87,
103
- Gastric mill,
53
- Gastrolith,
29,
347
- chemical composition,
349
- Gastrula,
211
- Gay, quoted,
356
- Genus,
249
- Geographical distribution, see Distribution
- Gerbe, M., quoted,
350
- Germinal disc,
209
- layer,
206
- spot,
133
- vesicle,
133
- Gerstfeldt, Dr., quoted,
290
- Gills, see Branchiæ
- Girard, quoted,
356
- Gorup-Besanez, quoted,
353
- Green-gland,
83,
353
- development of,
224
- Grobben, Dr., quoted, 354
- Growth of crayfish,
31,
349
- Guanin,
82,
353
- Gullet, see OEsophagus
- Günther, Dr., quoted,
315
- Hage, Dr., quoted,
305,
312
- Haplochitonidæ,
315
- Harvey, quoted,
5
- Head, see Cephalon
- Hearing, organ of,
116
- Heart,
27,
71
- development of,
224
- Heller, Dr., qutoed,
298,
330
- Hepatic duct, see Bile duct
- Hind gut,
61
- development of,
214,
223
- Histology,
175
- Histriobdella,
356
- Homaridæ,
263
- Homarina,
261
- Homarus,
13,
42,
257,
332
- Homology, homologous, homologue,
148
- Hoploparia,
342
- Hypoblast,
211
- Idothea,
323,
334
- Impregnation,
135,
350
- Integument,
50
- Interseptal zone,
183
- Intestine,
29,
61
- Ischiopodite,
165
- Japanese Crayfishes,
313,
314
- Jaws,
23
- Johnston, J., quoted,
42
- Kessler, quoted,
298,
304
Kidney, see Green gland
- Klunzinger, referred to,
330
- Labrum,
51
- development of,
218
- Lamarck, referred to,
4
- Lereboullet, quoted,
353
- Legs, ambulatory,
168
- Lemoine, referred to,
353
- Leydig, referred to,
115,
353
- Liver,
30,
64
- development of,
223
- nature of secretion,
352
- Lobster, common, see Homarus
- Norway, see Nephrops
- Rock, see Palinurus
- Loven, referred to,
327
- Machine, living,
128
- M'Intosh, Dr. W. C., quoted,
288
- Mandible,
23,
51,
170
- development of,
214
- Martens, Von,
306
- Mastodon mirificus, occurring with fossil crayfishes,
316
- Maxillæ,
23,
170
- Maxillipedes,
23,
164
- Medullary groove,
213
- Megalopa stage of development,
283
- Meropodite,
165
- Mesoblast,
212
- Mesoderm,
141
- Mesophragm,
158
- Metamere,
143,
- Metastoma,
51
- Metope,
278
- Midgut,
61
- development of,
211,
214,
223
- Milne-Edwards, quoted, 13,289
- Mollusca,
284
- Morphology,
46,
138
- comparative,
230
- Mortality of crayfishes,
128
- Morula,
206
- Mosaic vision,
122,
354
- Motor plates,
189
- Mouth,
51
- Müller, Johannes, referred to,
122
- Muscle,
57,
90,
175,
181
- development of,
224
- histology of,
90,
181
- Muscles of abdomen,
99
- of chela,
93
- of stomach,
57
- Myosin,
186
- Myotome,
174
- Mysis,
281,
323
- relicta, origin of, from M. oculata,
327
- Mysis stage of development
- Natural History,
3
- Philosophy,
3
- Nauplius stage of development,
215,
280
- Nearctic province,
314
- Nephrops,
259,
332
- Nerve
101
- auditory,
117
- optic,
118
- Nerve-cells,
103,
187
- fibres,
101,
188
- Nervous system,
105
- development of,
213,
224
- functions of,
354
- Noble crayfish, see Astacus nobilis
- Nomenclature, binomial,
13,
15
- Norway lobster, see Nephrops
- Novozelanian province,
314
- Nucleated cell,
199
- Nucleolus,
187
- Nucleus,
177,
200
- changes of, in cell-division,
200
- OEsophagus
- Olfactory organ,
114
- Organ,
22
- Origin of crayfish, evidence as to,
320,
331
- Ovary,
31,
129
- structure of,
131
- Oviduct,
129
- Oviposition,
351
- Ovisac,
132
- Ovum,
129
- structure of,
133
- Palæarctic province,
314
- Palæmon,
268,
328
- Palinuridæ,
263
- Palinurus,
261,
264
- Palp,
171
- Paranephrops,
250,
306,
313
- Paraphragm,
158
- Parasites of crayfish,
356
- Parastacidæ,
252,
256,
306,
313
- Parastacus,
250,
306
- Pemphix,
341
- Penæus,
267,
280
- Pericardium,
69
- Perivisceral cavity,
50
- Phyllobranchia,
271
- Physiology,
46
- Pleurobranchia,
79
- Pleuron,
96,
143
- Podobranchia,
75,
165
- Podophthalmia,
279
- Pore-canals,
195
- Post-orbital ridge,
233
- spine,
232
- Potamobiidæ,
252,
256
- Prawn, see Palæmon
- Prehension of food,
49
- Procephalic lobes,
160
- development of,
213
- Propodite,
165
- Protopodite,
143
- Prototroctes,
315
- Race,
292
- Rathke, quoted,
356
- Réaumur, quoted,
33
- Reflex action,
108
- Reichenbach, quoted,
356
- Renal organ, see Green-gland
- Reproduction of lost limbs,
38
- sexual,
39,
128,
135,
350
- Reproductive organs,
128
- development of,
225
- Respiration, anal,
353
- Respiratory organs, see Branchiæ
- Retropinna,
315
- Robin, qutoed,
352
- Rock lobster, see Palinurus
- Rosel von Rosenhof, quoted,
41,
43
- Rondoletius, referred to,
4
- Rostrum,
157
- development of,
217
- Salivary glands,
352
- Salmonidæ, parallel between their distribution, and that of Astacidæ,
315
- Sarcolemma,
90,
182
- Sars, G. O., referred to,
327
- Sartorius von Walterhausen, quoted,
322
- Scaphognathite,
80,170
- Schizopod stage of development,
280
- Schlüter,
317
- Schmidt, O., quoted,
354
- Schrank,
290
- Science, physical,
3
- Science and common sense,
1
- Segmentation,
174
- Self-causation,
112
- Sensory organs,
113
- Septal line,
183
- zone,
183
- Setæ,
197
- Shrimp, see Crangon
- Siebold, von, referred to,
331
- Sight, organ of,
118
- Sinus, sternal,
69
- Smell, organ of,
114
- Somite,
143,
161,
355
- abdominal,
142
- cephalic,
154
- thoracic,
150
- Soubeiran, M., quoted,
349
- Southern Crayfishes,
249
- Species,
243,
290
- morphological,
291
- physiological,
296
- Spermatozoa,
129,
135,
354
- Spontaneous action,
112
- Squame of antenna,
172
- Steinkrebs, see Astacus torrentium
- Sternum,
96,
143,
- Stomach,
29,
51
- Stone-crayfish, see Astacus torrentium
- Stirated spindle,
121
- Swimmeret,
20
- Taste, organ of,
115
- Teleology,
47,
137
- Tendon,
92,
175
- Tergum,
96,
143
- Terminal plates,
189
- Tergum,
96,
143
- Terminal plates,
189
- Terminology, scientific,
14
- Testis,
129
- structure of,
133
- Thoracic appendages,
164
- development of,
217
- somites,
150
- Thorax,
19,
141
- Tissue,
175
- Touch, organ of,
113
- Tranformism,
318
- Treviranus, referred to,
4
- Tribe,
252
- Trichbranchiæ,
263
- Troglocaris,
337
- Valves of heart,
73
- of stomach,
59
- Van Helmont, quoted,
45
- Variety,
290,
292
- Vas deferens,
130
- Vent, see Anus
- Vertebrata,
284
- eye of,
122,
125
- Visual pyramid,
121
- rod,
121
- Vitelline membrane,
133
- Vitellus,
133
- Voluntary action,
112
- Von der Marck,
317
- Ward, J., referred to,
354
- Wassiliew, quoted,
353
- Whirlpool of life,
84
- Will, quoted,
353
- Wood-Mason, quoted,
44
- Yelk,
133
- Yelk-division,
205
- Young of Astacus, newly hatched, characters of,
219
- Zoæa stage of development,
280
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